Fiber optic sensor product classification introduction and scope of use

After optical communication, optical fiber has also been rapidly developed and widely used in the field of sensors. The working principle of the optical fiber sensor is to send the light from the light source to the modulator through the optical fiber, so that the parameters to be measured interact with the light entering the modulation area, resulting in the optical properties of the light (such as the intensity, wavelength, frequency, phase, and polarization of the light). The normal state, etc., changes, called the modulated signal light, is sent to the photodetector through the optical fiber, and after demodulation, the measured parameter is obtained. Currently in the Chinese market, Bragg fiber gratings and distributed sensors based on optical time domain reflection are the most widely used fiber sensing technologies.

Currently, fiber optic sensor products on the market mainly include fiber optic gyroscopes, fiber optic hydrophones, fiber grating sensors, and fiber optic current sensors. Here are some of their respective principles and developments:

Fiber optic gyroscope

The fiber optic gyroscope can be divided into interference type, resonance type and Brillouin type according to the measurement principle. The interference type belongs to the first generation fiber optic gyroscope. At present, the product is relatively mature in technology and is in the stage of mass production and commercialization; The second-generation product is a resonant fiber-optic gyroscope, which is in the development stage of laboratory research to practical use; Brillouin type is the third generation, still in the theoretical research stage. Fiber optic gyroscope architectures are available in three implementations depending on the optics used: small discrete component systems, all-fiber systems, and integrated optics systems. At present, the discrete optical component scheme has basically disappeared. The all-fiber system is used in open-loop low-precision, low-cost fiber optic gyroscopes. The integrated optical device gyroscope has become a high-precision fiber optic gyroscope with high process simplicity, good overall repeatability and low cost. The main program.

Fiber optic hydrophone

The fiber optic hydrophone is an underwater acoustic signal sensor based on optical fiber and optoelectronic technology. It converts the underwater acoustic signal into an optical signal through high-sensitivity fiber coherent detection, and converts it to a signal processing system through optical fiber. Corresponding acoustic signal information. Compared with traditional hydrophones, fiber optic hydrophones have the advantages of high sensitivity, wide response bandwidth, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. They are widely used in military and petroleum exploration, environmental testing, etc., and have great market prospects.

Optical fiber hydrophones can be divided into interference type, intensity type, and grating type according to the principle. The key technology of interferometric fiber-optic hydrophone has gradually matured; fiber grating hydrophone is the hot spot of current fiber sensor research. Key technologies involved include light sources, fiber optic devices, probe technology, anti-polarization fading technology, anti-phase fading technology, signal processing technology, multiplexing technology, and engineering techniques.

Fiber grating sensor

Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors, especially Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors, have been the focus of research in the field of sensors at home and abroad in recent years. Most of the traditional fiber-optic sensors belong to the light intensity type and the interference type. The light intensity type sensor has problems such as unstable light source, fiber loss and aging of the detector. The interference type sensor requires a fixed reference point application because the light intensity of the two channels of interference light is required to be equal. inconvenient.

The fiber Bragg grating sensor based on fiber Bragg grating sensor has strong wavelength modulation and multiplexing capability, which avoids the problems of the above conventional fiber sensor. Fiber grating sensors are the most ideal sensitive components for applications such as building health testing, impact testing, shape control and vibration damping testing. Fiber Bragg Grating sensors are used in a wide range of applications in geodynamics, spacecraft, marine shipping, civil engineering structures, power industry, medical and chemical sensing.

Fiber optic current sensor

The rapid development of the power industry has led to an increase in the capacity of power transmission systems, and the operating voltage level is getting higher and higher, and has to face the measurement problem of strong current. In high-voltage, high-current and high-power power systems, traditional current sensors based on electromagnetic induction (CT) expose a series of serious shortcomings: explosions cause catastrophic accidents; large fault currents cause core magnetic saturation; iron Core resonance effect; hysteresis effect; low precision; susceptible to interference; large size, heavy weight, high price, etc., it is difficult to meet the development needs of the new generation digital power network. Fiber optic current sensors are the best way to solve the above problems.

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Tag: Fiber Optic Gyroscope Fiber Bragg Grating Current Sensor Fiber Optic Sensor Optical Properties

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